what causes crime according to reintegrative shaming theory
Introduction
Reintegrative shaming is a term that has been developed within the traditional ethical theory to improve criminal justice do. Since not all theories of penalty and theories of justice focus solely on the punitive approach, a new theory was needed to constitute a balance betwixt these ii approaches.
Integrative Shaming
This method is one of the best ways to care for criminals. We can finally begin their rehabilitation past non treating them as bad people (which is how they view themselves).
The offender is allowed to be involved in the ultimate decision-making procedure about what punishment is appropriate.
Considering this type of rehabilitation works, it has become more than accepted over fourth dimension, simply not enough for all criminals (i.east., some offenders who are besides challenged to be reintegrated into a community) or for 1 particular type of criminal.
Disintegrative Shaming
Disintegrative shaming is based on the principle that shame can be used as a deterrent from criminal offence. Crime causes all of society to lose respect for the offender because no one wants to exist associated with the label of a criminal.
This blazon of shaming is considered a form of punishment and is used to ensure that the offender will never commit some other crime. It is all-time used for criminals who are isolated and who have depression levels of intelligence.
The Reintegrative Shaming Theory
The theory has developed into an approach to criminal justice in a new theory that aims for both penalization and public protection. The use of this term has been derived from the theories of reintegrative shaming adult by John Braithwaite.
Reintegrative shaming is a theory that suggests that penalization can but reduce crime if the offender is integrated into their community. This method is too a form of restorative justice. It ensures that offenders become productive members of their communities. However, the culprits must beginning serve the required punishment as stipulated by the courtroom.
Reintegrated Shaming Awarding
As a form of restorative justice, this theory relies on mediation programs to avoid crime. The main aim of this arroyo is to use customs members every bit mediators to mediate conflicts and thus avoid crime.
This class of mediation involves all those who are likely to exist afflicted by a crime. This group is chosen the stakeholders that include, simply are not limited to, victims, offenders, and members of the community.
Unlike other theories based on castigating measures alone to reduce criminal offence, this theory does more. It uses the reintegration of offenders into club as a means of reducing crimes. This theory is different from other theories in that it is aimed at making the communities better.
Reintegrative shaming theory is a unique approach to criminal justice. It uses the community members as partners in offense prevention, thus making communities safer. The method also aims at preventing future victimization of individuals past focusing on the needs of victims.
"The employ of shame and reparation, when relied on for their ain sake, are unlikely to attain sustainable change in offending behavior" (Braithwaite, 1989).
Co-ordinate to the theory of reintegrative shaming, reintegrating criminals into their communities makes punishment more constructive. This is the concept of shame and restitution.
These methods alone cannot be used to reduce crime, and rather than bringing near sustainable change in offenders, they might brand criminals more violent.
Thus, the real aim of this theory is to ensure that offenders do not go back to crime after they have served their sentence. For punishment to be effective, information technology must lead to the reintegration of criminals.
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The Ground of the reintegrative shaming theory
John Braithwaite'south reintegrative shaming is based on command theories, labeling approaches, and social disorganization theories.
Command Theories
Command theories look at crime every bit a ways of fulfilling universal human needs. According to these theories, the main factor determining whether i turns to criminal offence is ane'due south ability to fulfill these needs legally.
Co-ordinate to Braithwaite, people will not commit crimes if they have access to opportunities to fulfill their basic needs in a socially acceptable way. This ways that the absenteeism of such opportunities will force individuals to wait for culling means of fulfilling their needs. Such alternative ways may include breaking the police force, hence, the interest of individuals in criminal activities.
Braithwaite does not believe that individuals who commit crimes do not take a choice to fulfill their needs. On the other hand, he believes that individuals have legal and illegal ways of fulfilling their needs.
Therefore, when an individual commits a crime against another person or his belongings, they believe that the gains outweigh the losses. In the control theory, people are motivated to commit a law-breaking considering they judge that they will gain more than they lose. This theoretical study supports Braithwaite'south statement that "crime is an effective means to resolve a conflict." (Braithwaite, 1989).
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The Labeling Approach
Co-ordinate to this arroyo, people who commit crimes are a social problem considering they violate certain norms that govern the activities of individuals in society. It is these norms that brand certain behaviors acceptable.
Thus, individuals who violate such norms are considered deviant and are subjected to labeling. This leads to a modify in the behavior of offenders as they strive to conform to societal requirements.
The Social Disorganization Theories
This theory states that crime is reduced past creating a more than conducive social environs. According to Braithwaite, society is less probable to suffer from crime if it is costless of racial prejudice and provides a positive environment for all residents in the country. This way, crime is reduced by providing opportunities for individuals to fulfill their basic needs legally.
Braithwaite emphasizes that the offender'due south social surroundings has a huge role in the committee of a crime. According to this theory, individuals are more likely to plow to criminal offence if they live in an environment where opportunities are not provided for them. Such people will plough to criminality to fulfill their needs since they tin't practise it legally.
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Examples of Reintegrated Shaming
The following are examples of reintegrative shaming:
- Having to face the victim(s) or their family unit members and explain that the law-breaking committed was non a good matter.
- Meeting with mentors, probation officers, and volunteers from the community who would be helping the person fulfill various responsibilities.
- Paying a fine, giving something of value, or doing community service.
- Agreeing to be subject field to random drug or booze testing, searches, and curfews.
- Having restrictions placed on social life, such equally prohibited clan or no contact with the victim(south) and their families and friends.
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Bottom Line
Reintegrative shaming theory suggests that the utilise of shaming tactics past the criminal justice organization may produce an individual who has internalized the values of guild. Such an individual volition desire to comply with societal expectations and avoid committing crimes in the time to come.
Thus, reintegrative shaming may encourage the offender to reform upon release from prison. Unlike other methods of penalty, such every bit imprisonment, reintegrative shaming gives offenders a run a risk to reform themselves.
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